对外直接投资反向技术外溢的国际经验——基于母国吸收能力的考察

A Study on International Experience of Reverse Technology Spillovers through OFDI——Based on Home Country's Absorptive Capacity

本文利用国际面板数据对投资母国对外投资反向技术外溢的吸收能力进行了实证考察。实证结果发现:以人力资本、研发投入、技术基础设施以及金融发展为衡量指标的母国吸收能力对反向技术外溢具有强化作用,在母国对外投资规模不变时,这些指标对母国技术进步具有正向贡献。同时,非线性回归结果发现,反向技术外溢对母国技术进步的促进作用具有"门槛效应",即母国吸收能力达到"门槛值"时,反向技术外溢才会促进母国技术进步,否则这种效应不会显现,甚至反而为负。实证结果还发现:投资母国与东道国的技术差距并非"越大越好",较大的技术差距必须具有更强的母国吸收能力与之相适应,否则母国难以吸收这种反向技术外溢。

Using the panel data and panel co integration techniques, this paper makes an empirical study on the effect of Reverse Technology Spillover＇s absorption ability on reverse technology spillover. The empirical results show that indexes of human capital, R＆D investment, infrastructure and financial development for measuring the absorption capacity of the reverse technology spillover has a strengthening effect on Reverse Technology Spillover, when the home country foreign investment scale doesn＇t change, these indexes have a positive contribution to the technological progress of homeland. Meanwhile, the nonlinear regression result finds, reverse technology spillover has ＂threshold effect＂ on the home country technology progress, namely when the country absorption ability reaches the ＂threshold＂, reverse technology spillover will promote technological progress of homeland, otherwise the effect won＇t appear even negative. Finally, the empirical results show that technology gap between home country and host country is not ＂bigger is better＂, the greater technology gap is more likely to produce reverse technology spillover, but the larger technology gap needs stronger absorption capability to adapt it, or home country is difficult to absorb the reverse spillover, then the ＂advantage of backwardness＂ couldn＇t be played very well.