中小水电站增效扩容改造的主要问题及解决方案

Major Problems and Solutions to the Renovation of Rural Hydropower Stations

我国早期建设的农村中小型水电站,很多存在着技术水平落后、设备设施老化严重、发电效能逐年降低等问题,不仅造成了水能资源的极大浪费,还存在着很多安全隐患。通过总结中国水科院近20a来完成的水电站增效扩容改造项目,将中小型水电站的改造工作按照具体问题进行了分类研究,分析了不同改造类型中存在的问题并给出相应的解决方案。改造实例表明,通过对水轮机的合理技术改造,可以有效改进水轮机的运行,达到提高效率、增加出力、减少或消除空蚀、减轻泥沙磨损以及提高运行稳定性等目的,具有显著的经济效益和社会效益。

There are many early constructed small and medium-sized backward, whose facilities are aging and whose efficiency is turning rural hydropower stations in our country which are technically lower and lower year after year. Those problems cause not only the great waste of hydropower resources but also security breaches. By summarizing the renovation projects completed by IWHR in recent 20 years, the renovation works are divided into different types based on the particular case. The analysis and the solution for each type of renovation are offered by case studies It is shown in practice that the appropriate technical renovation of the hydro-tur- bine can give effective improvements for turbine running, increases the efficiency and the output decreases the cavitation damage and the sediment wearing, and improves operational stability. The renovation of the hydropower stations has remarkable economic and social benefits.