金砖国家银行业竞争力评估和比较研究

Evaluation and Comparative Analysis of BRICS Banking Competitiveness

本文结合李嘉图比较优势、波特竞争优势等理论,构建适用于金砖国家银行业分析的综合竞争力模型。通过宏观、中观、微观三个层面指标对金砖国家银行部门竞争力进行测算和评估,并对结果进行比较研究。我们的结论是:金砖国家银行业竞争力普遍提升较快,但也表现出一定的差异,部分国家已接近新晋工业化国家水平;巴西、俄罗斯等市场化程度较高的国家银行业竞争力相对较强;印度、南非等国银行竞争力相对较弱,中国银行业竞争力略高于平均水平;金砖国家银行业竞争力正在从传统的资源禀赋密集型向要素密集型过渡;在金砖国家银行品牌竞争力方面中国的品牌排名比较靠前,但是大而不强的问题还是比较突出。最后,本文就中国等金砖国家银行业如何提升竞争力问题提出了几点思考。

In this paper, based on Ricardo＇s comparative advantage theory and Potter＇s competitive advantage theory, we build a model to study the comprehensive competitiveness of the BRICS banking industry. We develop several macro, meso and micro indicators to measure the competitiveness of the BRICS＇banking sectors and to compare the results. Our conclusions are： the competitiveness of the BRICS banking industry generally improves faster, though showing some differences, and certain countries have been close to the level of newly industrialized countries such as Poland. Brazil and Russia who have higher degree of marketization show relatively stronger competitiveness of their banking industry, while India and South Africa show relatively weaker competitiveness. The competitiveness of Chinese banking industry is slightly higher than the average. The BRICS banking industries are transiting from the traditional natural resource intensive to modem service factor intensive. Chinese hanks＇brand competitiveness is among the top, but being big and not strong remains a big trouble. Finally, this article gives China＇s banking sector some suggestions to enhance the competitiveness.