新烟碱类农药对海南中蜂的急性毒性测定及风险评估

Acute Toxicity and Hazard Assessment of Neonicotinod Insecticides on Apis cerana hainana

[目的]明确新烟碱类农药吡虫啉、啶虫脒、烯啶虫胺及呋虫胺对海南中蜂(Apis cerana hainana)工蜂的急性毒性,并评价这些农药对海南中蜂工蜂的风险性。[方法]利用摄入法和点滴法测定几种农药对海南中蜂工蜂的急性经口和接触毒性。[结果]急性经口毒性试验中,啶虫脒可湿性粉剂(LC50为267.273 mg/L)对海南中蜂的毒性为低毒,啶虫脒原药(42.071 mg/L)和可溶粉剂(157.163 mg/L)的毒性为中毒,其他药剂均为剧毒;急性接触毒性试验中,所有供试农药对海南中蜂的毒性均为高毒。啶虫脒可湿性粉剂的危害商值(HQ)为19.3,对海南中蜂危害不大,其他3种制剂对海南中蜂均有害。[结论]蜜源植物花期应尽量避免使用吡虫啉、呋虫胺及烯啶虫胺等对海南中蜂高毒的新烟碱类农药,慎用啶虫脒。

[Aims] To determine the acute toxicity of imidacloprid, acetamiprid, nitenpyram and dinotefuran on Apis cerana hainana workers, and assess the hazard of these pesticides on bees. [Methods] The acute intake of these pesticides on A. ccrana hainana was conducted by food intake method, and the contact toxicity was conducted by drop method. [Results] The results of virulence evaluation indicated that the acute intake toxicity of acetamiprid WP （267.273 mg/L for LC50） on A. cerana hainana was low toxic, acetamiprid technical （42.071 mg/L） and acetamiprid SP （157.163 mg/L） were moderate toxic, while the others were very high toxic. The contact toxicity of all insecticides on A. ccrana hainana were high toxic. The risk assessment results showed that acetamiprid WP with hazard quotients （HQ） of 19.3 was harmless to A. cerana hainana, the others including imidacloprid, nitenpyram and acetamiprid SP were harmful to A. cerana hainana. [Conclusions] It should be careful to use the acetamiprid, try to avoid the use of acetamiprid, dinotefuran and nitenpyram during florescence.