民国时期农村合作运动述评

Comments on the Agricultural Coopeation Movement During the Period of the National Government

１９２７—１９４５年，南京国民政府提倡并推行了农业合作运动，这既是南京国民政府化解其统治危机的现实需要，也是国民党“民生主义”建国方略的重要内容，更是抗战时期巩固后方基地的一项措施。农村合作运动．作为农业现代化经济格局形成中的一个重要环节，虽然在三四十年代呈现出了一派热闹景象，但对恢复和发展农村经济，实际收效甚微，甚至成为乡村豪绅压榨农民的途径。

Between 1927 and 1945,the National government in Naming initiated and carried out an agricultural cooperation movement,which is not only a part of program for building up the country in terms of the Principle of the People's Livelihood, but also a measure to alleviate the crisis facing the National Government's ruling. This is a measure to consolidate the rear base during anti-Japanese war. An important factor for the shaping of modern agricultural economy system, the co-op- eration movement has litte effect on recovering and developing rural economy in spite of presenting a boom in 1930s^40s. As a matter of fact, it turns out to be a tool by which the rural despotic gentry oppresses the Peasants.