25个桂花品种花瓣营养成分分析

Analysis of nutrients in the petals of 25 cultivars of Osmanthus fragrans

为选择营养品质优良的食用桂花品种,对25个桂花品种盛花期花瓣中的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、水分、维生素C、有机酸、游离氨基酸、黄酮以及6种矿质元素含量进行了测定,并用主成分分析法,对其营养成分进行比较,筛选出营养品质优良的品种。结果表明:不同桂花品种可溶性糖含量为10.85-91.28 mg·g-1,可溶性蛋白含量为14.70-59.28 mg·g-1,水分含量为79.09%-87.45%,维生素C含量为3.99-46.30 mg·g-1,有机酸含量为1.56-3.78 mg·kg-1,黄酮含量为61.94-288.98 mg·g-1,总游离氨基酸含量为53.73-151.05 mg·g-1;各矿质元素含量分别为锌19.78-72.67 mg·kg-1,铁52.47-207.98 mg·kg-1,镁705.19-1 541.31 mg·kg-1,钙631.71-3 679.83 mg·kg-1,钠54.85-220.70 mg·kg-1,钾9 002.17-16 979.13 mg·kg-1。桂花品种间营养成分存在很大差别,堰虹桂、雨城丹桂、青山银桂、醉肌红等4个品种的综合营养价值较高,波叶金桂、镰叶金桂、天女散花等3个品种的综合营养价值较低。

To select edible cuhivars of Osmanthus fragrans with excellent nutritional quality from 25 cultivars, nutritional components in flowers were studied at full-bloom stage, including content of soluble sugar, soluble protein, water, vitamin C, organic acid, free amino acid, flavonoids and 6 mineral elements. The principal component analysis was used to screen cultivars with excellent quality by comparing nutritional components in the flowers. The results showed that soluble sugar content was 10.85 - 91.28 mg＇g-1, soluble protein 14.70 -59.28 mg.g-j , water 79.09 % -87.45% , vitamin C 3.99 -46.30 mg-g i , organic acid＇＂ 1.56 -3.78 mg＇g-I, flavonoids 61.94 -288.98 mg.g-~ and free amino acid 53.73 - 151.05 mg.g-1 . Also contents of 6 mineral elements were as follows ： zinc at 19.78 - 72.67 mg. kg- l, iron at 52.47 - 207.98 rag＂ kg-l , magnesium at 705.19 - 1 541.31 mg-kg-~ , calcium at 631.71 -3 679.83 mg.kg-t, sodium at 54.85 -220.70 mg-kg-1 , and potassium at 9 002.17 - 16 979.13 mg＂ kg-1. There was large difference between cultivars, cuhivars like O. fragrans ＇ Yanhong Gui＇ , O. fragrans ＇ Yucheng Dan＇ , O. fragrans ＇ Qinshan Yingui＇ , O. fragrans ＇ Zuiji Hong＇ exhibited higher nutritional quality, however, O. fragrans ＇ Boye Jingui＇, O. fragrans ＇ Lianye Jingui＇ , O.fragrans ＇TiannU Sanhua＇ showed lower nutritional quality.