耐连作花生新品种在南昌引进表现

The New Cultivars Introduction of Resistant Continuous Cropping of Peanut and Comparative Experiment in Nanchang

[目的]为了筛选出适宜红壤旱地种植的耐连作花生新品种。[方法]对13个引进的花生新品种进行比较试验。[结果]中花16号适应性强,在进贤温圳、新建石埠均表现出良好的抗病性和高产、稳产性,折合产量分别是3 181.59和3 371.57 kg/hm2,与CK相比增幅均在10%以上;中花12号属红皮花生种,有良好的抗病性和丰产、稳产性,在进贤温圳、新建石埠的产量均多达3 000 kg/hm2;中花9号对青枯病和白绢病的抗性差,但属黑皮花生种,且当病害发生不严重时,可获得3 300 kg/hm2以上的高产;5602-1、9311-801、赣花8号和粤优116等4个品种抗病性和稳产性表现一般,但可获得比CK更高的产量。[结论]中花16号和中花12号适合在红壤旱地广泛种植、推广;5602-1、9311-801、赣花8号和粤优116有利于改善目前花生品种落后、单一、老化的问题,也比较适宜在红壤旱地推广;中花9号适宜打造成地方特色,同时也增加了红壤旱地花生品种的多样性。

[ Objective] In order to screen out the suitable peanut new cultivars for resistance to continuous cropping in the red soil upland. [ Method] The growth potential uniformity, drought resistance, stain resistance, main agronomic traits, yield and yield components and the other indexes of thirteen introduced peanut euhivars were compared. [ Result] The results showed that Zhonghua 16 exhibited strong adaptabil- ity, disease resistance and high yield in Wenzhen of Jinxian and Shibu of Xinjian, and their yields were 3181.59 and 3371.57 kg/hm2, more than 10% higher than those of CK. Zhonghua 12 was a red-coat pemmt, its disease resistance and yield also performed well, and the yield were more than 3000 kg/hm2 in Wenzhen of Jinxian and Shibu of Xinjian. Zhonghua 9 was a black peanut with poor resistance against disea- ses, especially bacterial wilt and southern blight, but the yield also was up to 3300 kg/hm2 when the occurrence of disease was not serious. Although disease resistance and yield stability of 5602-1, 9311-801, Ganhua 8 and Yueyou 116 performed general, the yield of them were higher than those of CK. [ Conclusion] It can be considered that Zhonghua 16 and Zhonghua 12 are suitable for being cultivated in the red soil upland of Nanchang. These cuhivars, 5602-1, 9311-801, Ganhua 8 and Yueyou 116, will help to improve the present issues that the cultivar is backward, single and aging , and they also are suitable to be planted in the red upland of Nanchang. Zhonghua 9 can be developed as the local characteristic industrial chain, and increases the diversity of Nanchang peanut varieties at same time.