海伦市典型小流域坡耕地侵蚀沟特征和治理研究

Research on Cure and Characteristic of Gully on Sloping Farmland in Small Typical Watersheds of Hailun City

在2011～2012年，野外详查了海伦市典型小流域坡耕地侵蚀沟的现状，对当前坡耕地侵蚀沟特征和治理措施进行了研究。结果表明，小流域多年平均侵蚀模数为1769t／（km^2·年），沟壑密度为6．5kin／km^2,沟蚀的强度属于极强烈。应用聚类分析法，可将侵蚀沟分为浅沟、切沟、冲沟3类和小型沟、中型沟、大型沟3个级别以及7．91、17．14、33．46m3个等级的年平均发育进度。根据侵蚀沟的不同级别，对侵蚀沟的沟头、沟岸、沟坡和沟底采取相应的配套生物措施、工程措施和农业措施进行治理。

From 2011 to 2012, cure methods and characteristics of gully of sloping farmland were observed and studied by field investigation on gully of sloping farmland in small typical watershed of Hailun City. The results showed that erosion modulus and gully density of small watershed reached 1 769 t/（ km2 · a） and 6.5 kin/kinz , gully intensity belonged to the severe degree. By hierarchical cluster analysis, gully could be clas- sified to ephemeral gully, permanent gully, gulch erosion and the large-scale gully, the medium gully, the small gully, and the rates of develop- ment could be also classified to three degrees of 7.91 meters, 17.14 meters and 33.46 meters. According to the different levels of gully, the cure method of gully head, gully bank, gully slope and gully bottom matched with the corresponding biological measures, engineering measures and agricultural measures.