烟稻连作田施用不同氮磷钾配比肥料对烤烟抗病性的影响

Effects of Proportion of N,P & K in Fertilizers on Tobacco Disease Resistance in Tobacco-Rice Succession Cropping

[目的]为了研究烟稻连作田施肥与烤烟生长的关系。[方法]在湖南浏阳烟稻连作田进行烤烟3个氮磷钾配比肥料试验，N：P2O5：K2O比例分别为1．0：1．0：3．5、1．0：1．0：3．0、1．0：2．0：2．0，分别以处理①～⑧表示。[结果]基肥氮磷钾配比对烤烟叶面积、叶面积指数及其变化过程的影响不大；处理②和③的烤烟节间距比处理①有所减小；除烟草花叶病外，处理①和②的黑胫病、青枯病发病率在0．05水平显著低于处理④，处理②3种病害发病率最低；3个处理烟叶氮、磷、钙、钱、硫含量相差很小，处理①烟叶钾含量比处理②和⑧高，肥料中钾肥含量高有利于烟叶钾含量的提高。[结论]不同氮磷钾配比肥料对烤烟生长产生影响。

[ Objective ] The research aimed to study the relationship between fertilizers and tobacco growth. [ Method] An experiment inclu- ding three fertilizers of differential proportion of N, P and K were practiced in tobacco-rice succession cropping field at Liuyang in Hunan Prov- ince. N： P2 05 ：K20 of treatment （1 ）-（ 3） was 1.0：1.0：3.5,1.0：1.0：3.0 and 1.0：2.0：2.0, respectively. [ Result ] NPK proportion of basic fer- tilizers had less effect on tobacco leaves areas,index of leaf areas and its course. Tobacco buff distances of treatment （2） and （3） were shorter than that of treatment （1）. Except tobacco mosaic disease, the phytophthora and ralstonia solanacearum rate of treatment （1） and （2） were lower significantly than those of treatment （3）. That of treatment （2） was the lowest of them. The content of nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium, magnesi- um and sulfur in tobacco leaves was similar basically among the treatments. The potassium content of treatment （1） was higher than that of treatment （2） or （3） .The high potassium content of fertilizer couht improve the potassium content of tobacco leaves. [ Conclusion] The propor- tion of N, P and K fertilizers had the effects on tobaeco growth. The phytophthora and ralstonia solanacearum rate of treatment （2） were lower than that of treatment （1） or （3）.