孟子心学与宋明理学

Mencius' s Idealism and Neo-Confucianism Developed in the Song and Ming Dynasties

孟子重视心的作用,在承认四体与四心一样与生俱来的前提下,强调只有四心才是人性的具体内容,由此推出了性善说,并且通过尽心、知性、知天的方式与天合一。孟子的这一做法彰显了儒家一贯坚持的通过道德践履与天合一的具体途径,同时引领了宋明理学的价值旨趣和理论格局:第一,孟子推崇的四心被宋明理学奉为宇宙本原。第二,孟子对心的重视与宋明理学的道德践履密切相关。第三,孟子四心与四体并举在宋明理学那里发展为双重人性论。

Mencius attached importance to the actions of heart and emphasized that the four hearts were the content of the human nature. He derived the theory of Xingshan from it, and made human show no difference from God . It insisted on morals of the Confucianism and led to the development of Neo - Con-fucianism in the Song and Ming Dynasties. The four hearts praised by Mencius were promoted to be the origins of the universe in the Neo- Confucianism. The importance attached to the heart by Mencius was closely related with the moral practice of Neo - Confucianiam.