1285名城区0～7岁儿童铅暴露现状及其影响因素研究

Blood lead level and related risk factors of Children in Qingdao

目的调查本地区儿童铅暴露现状及影响因素,为制定干预对策提供依据。方法采用钨舟原子吸收光谱法对青岛市城区1 285名7岁以下儿童检测末梢血铅值,并对家庭环境、饮食生活习惯等相关因素进行问卷调查。结果 1 285名城区0～7岁儿童血铅值为48.79μg/L,高铅血症检出率为1.03%,3～7岁学龄前儿童血铅水平高于0～3岁散居儿童,差异有高度统计学意义(P<0.01)。母亲从事高危职业,住所邻近交通主干道及儿童厌食是发生高铅血症的危险因素。结论青岛市城区0～7岁儿童血铅水平较前有所下降。母亲职业接触、家庭居住环境以及儿童饮食不良与高铅血症发生相关。需加强相关健康教育,定期监测儿童血铅水平,合理干预,减少铅对儿童健康的危害。

Objective To explore blood lead level and related risk factors of children in Qingdao and provide measure for intervention. Method 1 285 children aged 0-7 years were selected to detect lead level in peripheral blood with tung- sten boat atomic absorption spectrometry,and related factors such as family environment and lifestyle habitats were investi- gated by questionnaire survey. Results The mean lead level of children was 48. 79 μg/L with 1. 03% of those 100 μg/L. The blood lead level in preschool children was higher than scattered children： aged 0-3 years and there was sig- nificant difference between them（P〈0.01）. The investigation indicated that mother＇s job related to lead,family living in en-vironment near to arterial road and children anorexia were risk factors for higher blood lead level. Conclusions Blood lead level among children aged 0-7 years in Qingdao district is lower than before. Mothers＂ job,living environment and children＂ s diets are related to higher blood lead level. Health education, regular tests and timely intervention are needed to decrease damage of lead to children.