基于火灾场景的大型浮顶储罐区全过程风险防范体系研究

Study on whole-process risk precaution framework for large floating roof tanks based on fire scenarios

针对大型浮顶罐区火灾事故风险特征,通过对火灾场景辨识及其火灾风险影响因素分析,结合预防初期火灾场景风险要素和消防系统有效性,提出了罐区火灾事故现实风险的评估框架及确定方法。在此基础上,构建了基于火灾场景的全过程风险防范体系,包括库区评估规划、罐体本质安全化设计、库区火灾预防、罐区火灾扑救、园区火灾事故管理等5个方面,并给出相应的对策措施。大型浮顶罐区全过程火灾风险防范是一个持续改进的结构化过程风险管理体系,有助于实现罐区火灾风险的过程安全管理,进而提高仓储型园区的整体消防安全保障能力和风险防控水平。

In accordance with the fire risk characteristics of large floating roof tank farm and oil depot,the fire scenarios and risk factors were analyzed and identified,and the assessment framework and methods of real fire risk for floating tank farm were proposed,including the preventive risk factors of initial fire scenario and availability of fire protection system. Moreover,a whole process risk precaution framework for large floating roof based on the fire scenarios was established with evaluation and plan of rank depot area,inherent safety design of tank,fire prevention and protection of oil storage area,fire accidents management of park area and so on,and the related fire precautionary countermeasures were described. This whole process fire risk precaution framework is a continually improved and structured risk management system,and helps to carry out process safety management of fire risk. Furthermore,it has some important value and roles to enhance the whole fire support ability and risk prevention and control level for storage park area.