蚓粪施用对土壤微生物特征以及酶活性的影响

Effects of Vermicompost on Microbial Characteristics and Enzyme Activities in Soil

通过将不同比例的蚓粪(0,5%,10%和20%)施用于菜园土,研究玉米种植期间蚓粪施用对土壤微生物学特征和酶活性的影响。结果显示:随着土壤中蚓粪比例的增加,土壤溶解性碳、碱解氮、速效磷含量明显增加,微生物生物量碳氮的含量显著提高,过氧化氢酶、转化酶和脲酶活性增强(P<0.05),其中20%蚓粪处理上述各指标含量和活性均为最高水平。与对照相比,蚓粪处理土壤的呼吸速率明显较高,特别是5%的蚓粪处理(P<0.05)。另外,与对照相比,蚓粪处理的微生物生物量碳氮比和代谢熵差异不大(P>0.05)。相关分析结果显示:土壤溶解性碳、碱解氮、速效磷与微生物生物量碳氮含量、转化酶、过氧化氢酶和脲酶活性变化呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。多元数据分析结果进一步显示:与对照和5%的蚓粪处理相比,10%和20%蚓粪处理综合生物学特征差异显著,生物学综合质量较高(P<0.05)。利用农业有机废弃物生产蚓粪,并选择适宜的蚓粪比例培肥土壤的技术具有一定的应用价值。

Under laboratory conditions, the pot culture of maize was conducted with vermicompost which involved four levels（0, 5%, 10% and 20%） for 30 days in vegetable soil. The effects of vermicompost on soil microbial characteristics and enzyme activities were evaluated. With the increase of vermicompost, contents of dissolved organic carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus, and microbial carbon and nitrogen and activities of catalase, invertase and urease were increased significantly （P〈0.05）, while the highest contents and activities were shown in 20%ES. To compared with control, soil respiration rate was improved significantly in vermicompost treatment, especially for 5%ES （P〈0.05）, but no significant differences for metabolic quotient and the ratio of microbial carbon and nitrogen were shown. According to correlation results, contents of dissolved carbon, available nitrogen and phosphorus have remarkable positive relationship with contents of microbial carbon and nitrogen, activities of catalase, invertase and urease （P〈0.05）. Multivariate analysis showed that： significant higher soil biological qualities were shown between 10%, 20% vermicompost treatments and control, 5% vermicompost treatments（P〈0.05）. Furthermore, vermincompost could be produced by organic wastes from agriculture and applied in grain production. Its suitable proposition in soil suggests a potential application of improving soil quality.