高考改革:政策公平性与技术相容性

Gaokao Reform:Policy Fairness and Technical Compatibility

本文从政策公平和技术相容的角度探讨新一轮高考改革不容忽视的政策设计和考评技术。高考改革应当重视公平,并适当照顾弱者。公平的政策来自政策制定过程的公开和公众参与。严格监督才能保证考试机构有公信力、政策执行不偏不倚。政策背后的考评技术要相容,否则会带来不公。许多省份高考历经"原始分—标准分—原始分"反复的一个重要原因在于政策背后的技术不相容。任何新的高考政策,需要有专业人员进行研究、设计、开发和实验一整套与政策配套的技术措施。实施招考分离和一年多考,关键在于分数的可比性,这需要测验等值技术与题库的支持。招考分离和一年多考可以解决一考定终身的弊端,但预料不能减轻学生负担。

Gaokao, China＇ s national college entrance examination, was discussed from the perspectives of policy fairness and technical compatibility. Gaokao reform should stress the importance of fairness and show proper concern for the disadvantaged. Policy fairness comes from openness of policy making and public engagement. Close supervision is the guarantee for public accountability in examination organizations as well as the fairness of policy implementation. Technical compatibility for assessment is a prerequisite for fairness. The past ＂raw - standardized - raw＂ flip - flop changes of gaokao scoring methods in many provinces mainly resulted from technical incompatibility. New gaokao policy requires the support of a complete set of technical measures studied, designed, developed and tested by professionals. Test equating techniques and item banks are needed to ensure the comparability of test scores with the coming separation of enrollment from examination and implementation of multiple examinations in a year. These two new policies are likely to end the old practice of ＂determining a student＇s fate by one entrance exam＂, but are unlikely to lighten the burden of students.