民用航空发动机低排放燃烧室技术发展现状及水平

Development Status and Level of Low Emissions Combustor Technologies for Civil Aero-engine

为了从科学和技术的角度展望民用航空发动机低排放燃烧室技术的发展方向,基于污染物生成机理及控制原理阐述了富油和贫油燃烧的污染排放控制方法,回顾了富油-焠熄-贫油燃烧（RQL）、贫油预混预蒸发燃烧（LPP）和贫油直接喷射燃烧（LDI）3种低污染燃烧技术的发展现状,并分析了新一代民用航空低排放燃烧室技术目前所达到的低污染排放水平.采用贫油燃烧技术的双环预混旋流器燃烧室（TAPS）已经应用于型号并取证,其NOx排放比CAEP/6（Com-mittee on Aviation Environmental Protection/6）标准低50.0％～65.8％,达到了超低排放水平,证明了贫油燃烧的发展潜力.要实现Nq排放比CAEP/6低75.o％以上的超超低排放目标,需要利用燃烧数值模拟和光学诊断等先进工具,对燃烧室内喷雾、混合、流动、燃烧及它们之间的非定常相互作用开展更深入的研究.

In order to provide a development outlook of low emissions combustor technologies for civil aero-engine from the viewpoint of science and technology,the pollutant emissions controlling methods from rich burn and lean burn are expounded starting from the pollutant mechanism and basic principle,and the current development status of three kinds of low emissions combustion technologies is reviewed,including rich-quench-lean （RQL）,lean premixed prevaporised （LPP）,and lean direct injection （LDI）.And the achieved level of new generation civil aviation low emissions combustor technologies is analyzed.The twin annular premixing swirler （TAPS） combustor using lean burn technology has been applied to aero-engine engineering with airworthiness certification,and it reduces NOx emissions by 50.0％-65.8％ below CAEP/6 （Committee on Aviation Environmental Protection/6）,reaching an ultra-low emissions level.It demonstrates the development potential of lean burn.To achieve the super ultra-low emissions goal of better than 75.0 ％ NOx reduction relative to CAEP/6,it needs to conduct more in-depth research on spray,mixing,flow,combustion and their unsteady interactions,using advanced tools of combustion numerical computations and optical diagnostics.