基于重力储能的太阳能飞机飞行轨迹研究

Study of Flight Path for Solar-powered Aircraft Based on Gravity Energy Reservation

基于重力储能原理,研究了太阳能飞机变高度飞行轨迹及其应用效果。描述了变高度轨迹的具体组成部分及各部分的运动方式,建立了各部分轨迹和时间节点的物理数学模型,提出了适用于变高度轨迹的太阳能飞机总体参数设计方法。得到了给定设计指标下的飞行轨迹和需用功率曲线,并与定高度轨迹对比,研究了相关技术参数对变高度轨迹应用效果的影响。研究结果表明:变高度轨迹可以有效减小储能电池放电时间和机翼面积;对于不同设计高度均存在最优的爬升高度,使得机翼面积最小;设计高度越高,设计日期越偏离夏至日,储能电池能量密度越小,推进系统功重比越大,变高度轨迹的应用效果越明显。

Varied-height flight paths for solar-powered aircraft and their application are studied based on the theory of gravity energy reservation.Detailed components of varied-height paths and their motion modes are described and a mathematicalphysical model of each component and time node is established.Furthermore,a general-parameters design method for a solar-powered aircraft with varied-height paths is introduced.The flight path and power curve for a specific design index are plotted,and the influence of some technology parameters on the application of varied-height paths is studied through comparing with constant-height paths.The results show that varied-height paths can effectively reduce the discharge time of the energy storage battery and wing area.There exists an optimal climbing height for each design height,which can minimize the wing area.The higher the design height is,the farther away the design date is from Summer Solstice,the lower is the energy density of the energy storage battery and the higher is the power-weight ratio of the propulsion system,the more effective is the application of a varied-height path.