论语言与思想的反思平衡

On Reflective Equilibrium Between Language and Thought

弗雷格和达米特从说者视角出发,认为语言是思想的容器和交流的工具,因而思想是静态的。戴维森则从听者视角主张:思想作为一种倾向性的语言,乃是解释者赋予说者的命题态度内容,因而思想是动态的。据此我们进一步论证:思想是解释者在交流过程中与说者所共同建构的东西,而不是说者在说话之前的现成之物;思想不是解释者的意见,也不单是说者的意图,而是话语自身的意义;思想是说者与解释者在话语交流的互动过程中一个逐步完成的过程。说者的话语与解释者赋予说者的思想之间是一种相互依赖、相互调整、相互促进的反思平衡关系。

From speakers' perspective, Frege and Dummett argue that language is a vehicle of thoughts and a tool of communication, so thoughts are static. From listeners' perspective, Davidson advocates that thoughts as dispositional language are propositional attitudes which interpreters ascribe to speakers, so thoughts are dynamic. This essay will argue that thoughts are co-constructed by interpreters and speakers in communication, and that they are the meaning of the discourse, instead of interpreters' opinions or speakers' intension. Thoughts are step-by-step processes of interactive communication between speakers and interpreters. The relationship between speakers' discourse and thoughts which interpreters ascribe to speakers is an interdependent, mutually adjusted and mutually promoting reflective equilibrium.