中间品、最终品贸易与中国性别就业差异的实证研究

Empirical Research on Intermediate Trade, Final Goods Trade and Gender Employment Difference in China

采用CHIP数据库中2002年和2007年的城镇调查数据,利用截面Probit模型和Heckman两步法,基于产品的异质性,分别从中间品和最终品两个层面研究贸易自由化对中国两性就业差异的影响。结果表明,中间品和最终品贸易对两性就业都表现出显著的积极效应,并且二者对男性就业的影响大于女性。引入交互项的实证研究显示,贸易自由化通过不同的职业类别和技能水平对两性就业产生差异化影响,且影响更加集中于特定人群。此外,中间品贸易对两性就业的影响更为显著。因此,中国应该积极参与开放型经济,深化产品内分工,扩大中间品贸易自由化,承接新的国际产业转移,从而带动就业。同时,要大力发展技能培训事业,提高女性劳动力的受教育程度和劳动技能。

This paper calculates the impact of trade liberalization in intermediate goods and final goods to gender employment difference. The results show that trade liberalization in both intermediate trade and trade in final goods has a significant positive effect on gender employment difference, and its overall impact on male employment is greater than female. Furthermore, mechanism of the interaction term results of the analysis show trade in intermediate and final goods tends to expand the gender difference significantly in employment and skill levels. Thus China should actively participate in an open economy, and actively undertake new international industrial transfer to boost the categories of workers employed.