俄罗斯公民请愿制度述评

Comment on the Petition System of Russian Citizens

请愿权是现代法治国家的人们对于国家政治设施或其本身权益,向民意机关或行政机关陈述其愿望或者意见,请求国家机关作为或不作为之权利。请愿制度是当今很多国家施行的权利保障制度,是各国制定诉讼程序性规则的基础性制度。俄罗斯的请愿(обращение)制度立足于俄罗斯联邦宪法,具有宪法性基本权利的请愿权是俄罗斯诉权的基础,包括建议权、声明权和申诉权。俄罗斯的权利多元救济制度中的请愿权制度,与世界各国权利救济发展趋势大体一致,可以说基本是成功的。这对处于改革阶段的中国具有一定的启示意义。

Right of petition is, in terms of state political arrangement or their own interest, a right of people in a modem rule-by-law country, according to which people can state their wish or opin- ion to institution of popular will or administrative institution to require the institution doing or not do- ing something. Petition system is a protection of right in many contemporary countries and it is a ba- sic system to design regulation of legal process. Russian petition system is based on Russian Feder- ate Constitution and it is the base for Russian legal right, including right of suggestion, statement and appeal. Petition system is among Russian multiple relief system of right and is in accordance with the development of relief right. It is basically successful. It is inspiring to China at the reform stage.