“直言”与“关心自己”——福柯的古代哲学研究

“Epimeleia Heautou” and “Parrhēsia”——Foucault'Study of Ancient Philosophy

福柯对古代哲学的研究首先是着眼于古代对性快感的道德质疑及其与基督教伦理实践之间的差异,此主题是1984年出版的《性史》第二卷《快感的运用》和第三卷《自我的关注》的主要内容。在法兰西学院1982—1984年的课程讲座《对自我与他人的治理》和《真理的勇气》中,福柯脱离了这一主题,将理论触角延伸至对整个古代哲学的挖掘深耕。以"关心自己"和"直言"为主线,这两次课程讲座从另一个侧面对西方思想史进行了全景式的勾勒,其探讨的内容涉及西方思想史的各个关键节点。

When Foucault takes up ancient philosophy in The Use of Pleasure and The Care of the Self which are the second and the third volume of The History of Sexuality published in 1984, it is first of all focused on the study of the moral problematization of pleasure in ancient world and its singularity with respect to that of various Christian ethical practices. In the lectures at College de France during 1982 to 1984 which are titled as ＂The Government of Self and Others＂ and ＂The Courage of Truth＂, Foucault extends the study into a more general excavation and exploration of the whole an- cient philosophy. With the key concepts of ＂epimeleia heauon＂ and ＂parrh^sia＂ as the threading theo- retical lines, Foucauh schematically outlines the history of western thought from a new perspective in these two diptych-like lectures.