对1917年无限制潜艇战研究中几个问题的再认识

Rethinking about Some Problems in the Research of Unrestricted Submarine Warfare in 1917

1917年德国发动的无限制潜艇战,并不是一蹴而就式的突然出击,而是德国政治、经济、军事形势合乎逻辑发展的结果。1917年无限制潜艇战作为一次战役达到了战术目的,予协约国以沉重打击。德国之所以没有能够依靠无限制潜艇战最终战胜英国,主要并不是因为协约国采取了护航制等军事方面的措施,而是因为包括美国在内的协约国在经济和资源方面拥有更强大的战争潜力,特别是英国在封锁期间表现出的强大生存能力。

The unrestricted submarine warfare that Germany launched in 1917 is not a sudden attack, but the result of logical development of Germany＇s political, economic and military situation. Being a campaign, unrestricted submarine warfare of 1917 achieved the tactical purpose, and gave a heavy blow to the Entente countries. Germany did not defeat Britain by unrestricted submarine warfare in the end, the main cause is not that the Entente countries took some military measures, such as the convoy system but that the Entente countries including U. S. possessed powerful war potential in economy and resources, and Britain showed strong survival ability in the face of the blockade.