产学合作培养人才政策与实践的国际经验与启示

The International Experience and Enlightenment from the Policies and Practice of IU Cooperative Talents Training

目前我国产学合作培养人才面临的基本问题是如何利用政策法规来提高企业、学生、学校等各方行动者参与产学合作培养人才的积极性、规范其参与行为。为此,本研究选择美国、德国和加拿大的产学合作培养人才政策与实践作为成功案例,从政策目标与行动框架、政策工具和实施机制三个维度对这三个案例进行详细的比较分析。分析结果发现,三个国家的政策和实践都非常重视培养学生的创业能力和就业能力;采用以成本补偿为主的政策工具,以提升企业参加产学合作培养人才的积极性;明确界定和提供全国性行动框架,以规范和引导合作各方的参与行为;构建政府主导的共同管理体制、自愿申请与合同管理的运行机制、严格完善的考评制裁机制等体制机制以保证政策理念与目标的实现。

The essential problem of the current IU cooperative talents training in China is how to make use of policies and regulations to enhance standardized participation of students, universities, enterprises, and other parties. Therefore, this paper selects the policy and practice of IU cooperative talents training in United States, Germany and Canada as the subjects to carry out the case study, and works out a detailed comparative analysis of the above three cases from the following three dimensions： policy objectives and action framework, policy instrument, and implementation mechanism. Through the analysis, the results can be seen as follows. Firstly, all these three countries attach great importance to the cultivation of studentst entrepreneurial and employment ability. Secondly, cost compensation is adopted as a main policy instrument to improve the initiative of enterprises to participate in the co-operative talents training. Thirdly, a national action framework is clearly identified and provided to regulate and guide the behavior of the different parties. Lastly, various systems and mechanisms, including government-led co-management system, voluntary application and contract management mechanism, strict and perfect appraisal mechanism, are implemented to guarantee the realization of ideas and goals.