中国特色自主创新道路(1949-2012)

China's Featured Independent Innovation(1949-2012)

新中国成立之后,经过60多年的科学技术发展,中国走出了一条中国特色自主创新道路,已成为当今世界具有重要影响力的科技大国。中国作为世界性科技革命的追赶者,是实行自主创新政策的极少数发展中国家之一。中国正在向世界科技强国迈进,科技实力已居世界第二位,与美国的相对差距迅速缩小。文章对中国实现科学技术的追赶,成为世界科技大国的自主创新道路进行了梳理概括:从"向科学进军"到"打破常规,跨越式发展",从"科学技术是生产力"到"科学技术是第一生产力",从"科教兴国战略"到"提高自主创新能力",从"建设创新型国家"到"创新驱动发展战略"。指出,中国未来能成为世界科技强国的原因:中国特有的历史基因和历史传统,中国特有的大国特征和大国优势,中国未来实现"中国梦"大战略的客观需要和巨大需求,中国对人类发展的责任和贡献。

With 60 years of scientific and technological development since the founding of People＇ s Republic of China, China has found the way of independent innovation with Chinese characteristics, and has become one of the world＇ s scientific and technological powers with important influence. As a global technological revolu tion pursuer, China is one of the very few countries to implement innovation policy. Heading forward to a stron ger scientific and technological power, China＇ s scientific and technological strength is ranked second in the world, and the relative gap with the United States is rapidly decreased. This paper summarizes China＇s road from catch-up of world leading science and technology to become the world＇s scientific and technological pow er： from the ＂march to science＂ to ＂break the routine, grows by leaps and bounds＂; from ＂science and technolo- gy are productive forces＂ to ＂science and technology are primary productive forces＂; from ＂rejuvenating the country through science and education＂ to ＂improve the capability of independent innovation＂; from ＂building innovation-oriented country＂ to ＂innovation-driven development strategy＂. The paper also points out the rea sons why China has become the world＇s scientific and technological power： China＇s unique historical heritage and traditions, China＇ s features and advantages as a big power, China＇ s dedication to achieve the China Dream, and China＇ s responsibilities and contributions to the development of human being