歧视知觉、社会支持和自尊对流动儿童幸福感的动态影响

The effect of social support and perceived discrimination and self-esteem on subjective well-being among migrant children

以北京市公立和打工子弟学校387名流动儿童为对象,采用问卷调查法对他们进行了为期10个月的追踪研究,探讨了流动儿童的主观幸福感、歧视知觉随时间的变化特点,以及歧视知觉、社会支持与自尊对幸福感的预测作用。结果发现:随着时间的增加,流动儿童的歧视知觉显著降低、幸福感显著增加;自尊在社会支持和歧视知觉对幸福感的影响中起部分中介作用;前测社会支持、自尊和歧视知觉共同影响前测幸福感;前测幸福感能够显著正向预测后测幸福感;前测歧视知觉能够通过后测歧视知觉间接预测后测幸福感;前测社会支持能够显著负向预测后测歧视知觉;前测社会支持无法直接预测后测幸福感,但可以通过影响后测歧视知觉间接影响后测幸福感。

This study discuss the characters between subjective well -being, social support, perceived discrimination and self- esteem with the change over time on emigrant children in China. With the goal to explore the prediction effect about social support and perceived discrimination to subjective well -being, we chose 387 emigrant children in public school and school which is designed for emigrant children, and we use questionnaire survey and 10 months longitudinal study to track their subjective well- being and perceived discrimination, finally, we got 288 successful questionnaires. The result show that ： The longer the amount of time they spent live in city, the lower discrimination they will per- ceive and the higher well - being they will feel; Self - esteem is the mediated variable for subjective well -being; Pretest subjective well -being is effected by pretest social support;Pretest self- esteem and pretest perceived discrimination; Pretest subjective well- being positive predict present subjective well- being; Pretest perceived discrimination can predict present subjective well -being indirectly through present.