直接诉权立法的法国经验与启示

French Experience on the Legislation of Direct Actions and its Significance

直接诉权是颇具法国法特色的概念,它在理论上有多种类型,具有开放性。法国合同法改革中,一个重要而具有争议的问题是,能否统一整合直接诉权规则。《司法部草案》没有触及这个问题,《泰雷草案》非常谨慎地仅规定了最为重要的、立法者承认的"支付直接诉权",《卡特拉草案》试图对多种直接诉权设立一般规范。直接诉权,作为突破合同相对性的制度,有保护债权人的重要功能,因此法国的立法经验对比较法学而言具有重要的研究价值。

Direct action is a concept in French law. It has, in theory, a variety of types, and an open system. During the French contract law reform, an important and controversial issue is whether the direct actions rules could be integrated and unified. ＂Project of Ministry of Justice＂ does not touch the question;＂Terre Project＂specifies very carefully the most important type ＂Payment direct action＂ ,which has been acknowledged by legislators; ＂Catala Project＂ tries to establish the general rules on various kinds of direct actions. As a breakthrough to the relativity of contract, direct action system has an important function of protecting creditors. So the French legislative experience in terms of comparative law has important research value.