时速350km高速铁路隧道气动效应基本规律试验研究

Experimental Study on the Basic Laws of the Aerodynamic Effect of 350km·h^(-1) High Speed Railway Tunnel

在高速铁路武汉至乐昌段和郑州西至三门峡南段,进行CRH2C和CRH380A型动车组以250~350km·h-1速度通过长度为287~1 0081m、隧道内有效净空面积为100m2的隧道和在2 728m长的九子仙隧道内交会的现场试验,研究时速350km高速铁路隧道气动效应的基本规律以及隧道气动效应对动车组动力学行为、车体结构强度和人耳舒适性的影响。研究表明:动车组以350km·h-1及以下速度通过隧道和在隧道内交会的过程中,最大轮轴横向力为41.28kN,最大脱轨系数为0.70,最大轮重减载率为单峰值0.79,最大车内外压差为3 224Pa,车内空气压力3s最大变化值为1 064Pa,均在动车组运行安全性、车体强度及人耳舒适性指标的允许范围内;车内外空气压力基本随列车速度的提高而增加;相同速度条件下,在隧道长度小于3 000m时,车内外压力变化最大值总体上均随隧道长度的增加而增加;动车组的头型和密封的优化能够改善动车组通过隧道和在隧道内交会时的空气动力学性能。

On the high-speed railway from Wuhan to Lechang and from Zhengzhou West to the south section of Sanmenxia,field tests from 250 to 350 km · h^-1 were carried out by CRH2C and CRH380A type E-MUs,including EMUs passing through tunnels with the length from 287 m to 10 081 m and with the effective clearance area of 100 m2,and EMUs passing by each other in 2 728 m long Jiuzixian tunnel.The basic laws of the aerodynamic effect of 350 km · h^-1 high-speed railway tunnel as well as the influences of the aerodynamic effect in tunnel on the dynamic performance of EMU,the structural strength of carbody and the comfort of human ear were studied.Results show that,in the process of EMUs passing tunnels or passing by each other in the tunnel at 350 km · h^-1 or below,the maximum lateral wheelset force is 41.28kN,the maximum derailment coefficient is 0.70,the single peak value of the maximum rate of wheel load reduction is 0.79,the maximum differential pressure between inside and outside is 3 224 Pa,the maximum internal air pressure variation is 1064 Pa within 3 s.All these indexes are in their allowable ranges for EMU operation safety,carbody strength and human ear comfort.Both the inside and outside air pressures increase basically with the increase of train speed.For EMUs passing different tunnels with the length less than 3 000 m at the same speed,the maximum inside and outside pressure changes increase with the increase of tunnel length.The optimization of EMU＇s head form and sealing can improve the aerodynamic performance for trains passing through tunnels and passing by each other in tunnels.