汽车尾气排放对吉林省生态环境的影响

The Effect of Automobile Exhaust on the Ecological Environment in Jilin Province

本文结合已有文献和实际调查,分析汽车尾气的排放对吉林省大气、土壤、水和动植物的影响.尾气中的氮氧化合物和碳氢化合物易引发光化学烟雾,固体颗粒物的聚集会引发雾霾天气的增多,降低大气可见度.经测定,吉林省内汽车集中区城市主干道的雨水pH值小于郊区.汽车尾气中氮氧化合物易使土壤酸化,重金属铅易在土壤中累积.汽车尾气中的某些物质,影响植物光合、呼吸和蒸腾作用,对人体呼吸道及肺部造成伤害,导致人类致癌几率大大增加.今后应加强汽车尾气管理力度,改造汽车结构,开发新能源汽车,以此来缓解汽车尾气带来的生态压力.

This paper mainly analyzes automobile exhaust effects on ecological environment, such as atmosphere, soil, water, flora and fauna in Jilin Province by literature and investigation. The exhaust may lead photochemical smog and haze and reduce visibility of atmos- phere. The pH value of rain in the city full of cars is lower than that in subway. The nitrogen oxygenation in the automobile exhaust is easy to soil acidification and Pb is accumulated in the soil. Some material in exhaust may influence photosynthesis, respiration and tran- spiration of vegetable, harm breath and lung of the human, increase the probability of cancer. In order to relax the pressure of automo bile exhaust to the environment in Jilin province, the measures should be done as the followings. The management of vehicle exhaust should be strengthened. The automobile structure should be rebuilt. The new energy sources of automobile should be developed.