论陈祚明的诗学理论体系

On Chen Zuoming's Theory of Poetry Writing

陈祚明《采菽堂古诗选》不仅是明清重要的古诗选本,而且是一部非常值得珍视的诗学文献。其《凡例》及诗歌评点,提出一系列诗学范畴,并从纵向和横向两个维度构建了一个完整的诗学理论体系。在纵向上,诗由情、辞、术三个相互联系的基本层面构成,以情为内质,以辞为形式,以术为中介;在横向上,"情"由命旨、神思、理、解、悟,"辞"由声、调、格律、句、字、典物、风华,"术"由神、气、才、法等不同范畴构成,每一层面的诸范畴之间也构成多维辩证关系。只有厘清每一层面诗学范畴的理论内涵及其内在联系以及三个层面之间的逻辑关联,才能对陈氏诗学理论体系作出合乎历史语境的阐释。

The Classical Poetry Anthology Compiled by Chen Zuoming named after his study Cai Shu Tang is not only an important anthology of classical poems, but a cherishable poetic literature as well. He established his own two-dimensional system of poetic theory. Poetry was considered to be composed vertically of 3 basic categories：Qing （quality）, Ci （form） and Shu （medium）. In horizontal dimension, Qing was composed of Mingzhi, Shensi, Li, Jie, Wu, Ci was Composed of Sheng, Diao, Gelyu, Ju, Zi, Dianwu, Fenghua, and Shu was composed by Shen, Qi, Cai, Fa. Each categories of every dimension are integral and inseparable. Only by clarifying the categories and the internal relations among them can we reach an interpretation of Chen Zuoming＇ s theory of poetry writing in accord with it historical context.