从甲骨文字形考察殷商社会的婚丧习俗

The Marriage and Funeral Customs in Patterns of Oracle Glyphs of Shang Dynasty

甲骨文是目前所知最早的有成熟体系的汉字,它承载着丰富的历史文化信息,从甲骨文构形,人们可以看到一个较为完整清晰的殷商社会面貌。"姓"、"妻"等汉字的甲骨文字形明确地反映出殷商社会群婚、抢婚的习俗,"葬"、"官"等汉字的甲骨文字形,客观地体现了殷商社会天葬、船棺葬的习俗。这些婚丧礼仪是先民生活中重要的一个方面,且对后世影响深远。

Oracle, the earliest mature system of Chinese characters, was abundantly loaded with historical and cultural information. From the oracle configuration, people can gain a rather complete and clear insight into the social presence of Shang dynasty. The font of the oracle characters such as ＂Xing＂, meaning ＂family name＂ and ＂Qi＂, meaning ＂wife＂ disclose clearly the customs of communal marriage and marriage by grabbing brides whereas the font of oracle characters such as ＂Zang＂ meaning burial and ＂Guan＂ meaning ＂official＂ objectively reflect the customs of celestial burial and boat-coffin burial of the time. These customs are important aspects of the life of our ancestors and they have a far-reaching influence on later generations.