豫北地区城乡结合部庭院绿化模式及物种多样性研究

Rural Courtyard Greening Type and Species Diversity in Northern Henan Area Urban-rural Ecotone

城乡结合部庭院绿化对改善城市生态环境具有重要作用。以豫北城乡结合部为例,通过调查庭院绿化植物群落、种类数目,运用Margalef丰富度指数(R)、香农—威纳多样性指数(Shannon-Weiner index)(H)和Pielou均匀度指数(E)综合评价庭院植物的物种多样性。结果显示,研究区域庭院绿化以单一草本(46.2%)和灌—草复合型配置模式为主(30.4%),其多样性指数表现为灌—草复合型>单一灌木型>单一草本型>乔—草复合型>乔—灌复合型>单一乔木型>乔—灌—草复合型。村庄的植被物种多样性表现为:杨庄>南李万>史平陵村>钦平陵村>仇化庄,可见村庄植被物种多样性总体上与其到城市中心区距离呈逆相关,距离越远,城市化水平越低,物种多样性越高。

Rural courtyard greening in urban - rural ecotone was important to improve the urban ecological environment. In the case study of northern Henan, rural courtyard greening plant community, type, quantity were investigated, using evenness index, diversity index and Shannon - Wiener index to comprehensively assess rural courtyard greening species diversity. The results showed that herbaceous plant（46.2% ） and shrub - herbaceous plant（30.4% ） took main position. Its species diversity showed that shrub- herbaceous plant 〉 shrub plant 〉 herbaceous plant 〉 arbor- shrub plant 〉 arbor plant 〉 arbor - shrub - herbaceous plant. The species diversity of villages showed that Yangzhuang 〉 Nanliwan 〉 Shipingling 〉 Qinpingling 〉 Qiuhuazhuang. It revealed that the species diversity of villages inverse correlated with the distance to the downtown. The villages which were farther away the downtown, had the lower of urbanization level and the higher of species diversity.