利用畜禽粪便发酵生产商品有机肥料的工艺研究

Study on Commercial Organic Fertilizer Production Process with Fermented Livestock Manure

适合西北地区的有机肥好氧发酵方式有槽式发酵和条跺式发酵,一般情况下可选择条跺式发酵,冬季可将物料暂时储存。有机肥的造粒过程从干、湿程度上可分为干法造粒和湿法造粒,湿法造粒又可分为盘式造粒和平模挤压造粒。干法造粒投资少,但粉料多、颗粒强度小;湿法盘式造粒制得的产品颗粒均匀、强度大,但成球率低、投资大;湿法平模挤压造粒成球率高、颗粒强度大,但投资高、耗能大、设备不便于维修。对于资金不足的小型有机肥生产企业宜采用干法挤压造粒工艺,资金充足的有机肥生产企业可采用湿法盘式造粒工艺。

Trough fermentation and windrow fermentation of aerobic fermentation of organic fertilizer are most suitable for the northwest in China .In general, windrow fermentation is most commonly used and materials are temporarily stored in winter .In terms of granulation process of organic fertilizer , there are two ways known as dry granulation and wet granulation , and wet granulation is divided into pan granulation and plain-die extrusion granulation .Dry granulation is low in investment but the products made are low in particle strength with more fine particles while the products made by wet pan granulation are even in particle size and high in strength but needs more investment .Wet plain-die extrusion granulation is high in granulating rate and the products made are high in strength , but needs more investment and high in energy consumption , which is inconvenient for equipment maintenance .The dry extrusion granulation process is a right option for small organic fertilizer enterprises with limited financial resources while enterprises with adequate financial recourses should choose wet pan granulation process .