陕西宝鸡市居民高血压及其危险因素分析

Investigation of hypertension and its risk factors among esidents in Baoji city

目的调查宝鸡市居民高血压患病现况及其影响因素。方法采用多阶段分层随机抽样法抽取居民户5 020户,采用Kish Grid表法随机确定居民户中1名15岁以上常住居民接受自制问卷和食物频率表问卷调查,并接受身高、体重、腰围、血压测量。计数资料采用率或构成比的χ2检验,采用非条件Logistic回归分析高血压影响因素,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果研究有效样本人数4 968人,其中男2 521人(50.74%),女2 447人(49.26%);高血压患病率为20.83%(1 035/4 968)。高血压患病率随年龄和BMI增大而升高(χ2年龄=506.870,χ2BMI=137.240,P<0.05),随文化程度和家庭人均收入升高而下降(χ2文化=247.270,χ2家庭经济收入=60.241,P<0.05);非条件Logistic回归分析结果提示,年龄≥35岁、已婚、超重、肥胖、腹部脂肪增加是高血压的危险因素,而小学及以上文化程度、较高的家庭人均收入、体育锻炼和不吸烟是高血压保护因素。结论宝鸡市高血压患病率较高,年龄、婚姻状况、体重、文化程度、家庭人均收入、体育锻炼和吸烟情况共同影响着当地居民高血压患病风险。

Objective To investigate the prevalence of hypertension and its related factors in Baoji city. Methods A stratified multistage sampling method was used to select 5020 households in Baoji city. Residents over 15 years old were determined randomly from the households by Kish Grid table method. Self-designed questionnaire and food frequency questionnaire were performed. Height, weight, waist circumference and blood pressure were measured. Rates or proportions of data were tested by Chi-square test, non-conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze influencing factors of hypertension,P〈0. 05 was considered statistically significant. Results In this study, effective sample included 4 968 people, male, 50. 74% （ 2 521/4 968 ）, female, 49.26% （ 2 447/4 968 ）. Hypertension prevalence rate was 20. 83% （ 1 035/4 968）. The prevalence increased with age and BMI （X2 age = 506. 870,X2 BMI = 137.240, P〈0. 05）, and declined with higher education level and family per-capita income （ x2 culture= 247.270, x2 family income= 60. 241 ,P〈0. 05）. Nonconditional logistic regression showed that age ≥ 35 years old, married, overweight, obesity and increasing abdominal fat were risk factors, while higher education （primary, secondary school and above）, higher family per-capita income, weekly physical exercise and non-smoking were protective factors. Conclusion The prevalence of hypertension in Baoji city is high. Age, marital status, weight, education level, family per-capita income, physical exercise and smoking status were risk factors for hypertension among local residents in Baoji City.