文化遗产的刑法保护

Protecting cultural heritage by criminal law

刑法具有社会保障功能,是最严厉的法律救济手段,对犯罪行为具有预防、控制和惩处的功能。文化遗产是一项重要的文化资源,具有脆弱性和不可修复性。在文化遗产犯罪猖獗的今天,通过刑法对文化遗产予以保护既是必要的,也是紧迫的。但是,我国刑法对文化遗产犯罪在立法目的和制度设计上都存在一定缺陷,从而限制了其应有功能的发挥。要通过刑法预防和控制文化遗产犯罪,最大限度地实现其对文化遗产的保护,就要对现行刑法予以进一步完善。

With its social security function, criminal law is the most severe means of legal remedy, which has the functions of preventing, controlling and punishing criminal behaviors. As an important cultural resource, cultural heritage has the characteristics of being vulnerable and unrecoverable. In the situation of rampant cultural heritage crimes, it is imperative and urgent to protect cultural heritage by criminal law. However, some defects still exist in both legislation purpose and system design of cultural heritage crime in Chinese criminal law, which restrict the function exertion of criminal law. In order to prevent and control cultural heritage crime and maximize the protection of cultural heritage, the existing criminal law should be further perfected.