文化权利视野下的文化遗产权初探

A brief analysis on cultural heritage right from perspective of cultural right

文化权利是随着人权理论的不断丰富而逐渐发展起来的一种新型人权,内在地包含了文化遗产权的某些方面,但文化遗产权概念的提出突破和发展了传统文化权利的内涵。文化遗产权作为一种法律权利具有形式和内容上的正当性,是指特定主体基于对特定的文化遗产的某种利益或者与特定文化遗产的某种联系,在保护优先的前提下,可以按照自己的意愿依法对该文化遗产进行享用、收益、处分以及传承和发展的一种复合权利。文化遗产权是公益权与私益权的统一体,其主体包括个人、团体和全人类3个层面,客体是具有特殊资源属性的文化遗产,内容包括对文化遗产的接触、欣赏和保护权,传承权和发展权,开发利用权和参与管理权,所有权以及相关知识产权等。

Cultural fight is a new kind of human fight developed gradually with the continuous enrichment of human right theory, which inherently includes some contents of cultural heritage right. However, the proposition of the conception of cultural heritage right is a breakthrough and development of traditional connotation of cultural human right. As a kind of legal fights, cultural heritage right has validity both in form and content. It is a combination of rights enjoyed by certain subjects based on some kind of interests to, or certain connections with certain cultural heritage, under the premise of priority of protection. The subjects can enjoy and use the cultural heritage, benefit from it, dispose it and inherit and develop it at their own will within the limits of law. Cultural heritage fight is a unity of public fight and private fight. The subject of it includes three dimensions of individual, group and human being; the object of it is the cultural heritage as a special resource; and the content of it includes the right to access cultural heritage, enjoy and protect it, inherit and develop it, exploit it, participate in the management of it, as well as ownership right and relevant intellectual property right, etc.