新疆地区综合性医院和肿瘤专科医院护理人员职业紧张与职业倦怠状况调查

Occupational stress and burnout of nurses working for general or cancer hospitals in Xinjiang

目的 了解新疆地区综合性医院与肿瘤专科医院护理人员职业紧张与职业倦怠现状,为预防和降低护理人员的职业紧张与职业倦怠提供理论依据.方法 2008年7月至9月,通过整群随机抽样,采用一般情况量表、职业紧张量表及职业倦怠量表对新疆乌鲁木齐市1所综合医院和1所三级甲等专科医院（肿瘤专科）的497名在职护理人员进行调查,比较综合性医院与肿瘤专科医院护理人员的职业紧张与职业倦怠状况.结果 497名研究对象中,综合性医院护理人员247名,肿瘤专科护理人员250名.职业紧张各维度显示,综合性医院在职业任务维度高于常模（t=14.316,P＜0.05）,个体紧张反应维度高于常模（t=25.416,P＜0.05）,而在个体应对资源维度低于常模（t=7.389,P＜0.05）;肿瘤专科医院在职业任务维度高于常模（t=15.840,P＜0.05）,个体紧张反应维度高于常模（t=1 5.694,P＜0.05）,而在个体应对资源维度低于常模（t=7.488,P＜0.05）;职业倦怠各维度显示,综合性医院在情绪耗竭维度高于常模（t=13.109,P＜0.05）,消极倦怠维度高于常模（t=13.198,P＜0.05）,而在专业低效能感维度低于常模（t=17.716,P＜0.05）;肿瘤专科医院在情绪耗竭维度高于常模（t=8.044,P＜0.05）,消极倦怠维度高于常模（t=11.111,P＜0.05）,而在专业低效能感维度低于常模（t=20.820,P＜0.05）.结论 医院管理者应重视及加强对护理人员职业紧张和职业倦怠相关影响因素的干预,为改善护理人员职业紧张与职业倦怠状况,增强其工作积极主动性,对预防和减少护理人员职业紧张和职业倦怠提供理论依据.

Objective To understand occupational stress and burnout status of nurses working for general or cancer hospitals of Xinjiang so as to provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and reduction of occupational stress and burnout of nurses. Methods A total of 497 nurses from a general hospital or a tertiary-level cancer hospital were recruited by using random sampling to learn their occupational stress and burnout. Results Of 497 participants, 247 were working for comprehensive hospitals and 250 for cancer hospitals. In comparison with the norm, the nurses of general hospitals showed higher scores in occupational task dimension （t=14.316, P〈0.05） and personal strain dimension （t=25.416, P〈0.05）, but lower scores in personal resource dimension （t=7.389, P〈0.05）. Meanwhile, the nurses of cancer hospitals were found to have higher scores in occupational task dimension （t=15.840, P〈0.05） and personal strain dimension （t= 15.694, P〈0.05）, but lower scores in personal resource dimension （t=7.488, P〈0.05） when compared to the norm. Those working in general hospitals had higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension （t=13.109, P〈 0.05） and passive burnout dimension （t=13.198, P〈O.05） than the norm, while lower scores in professional sense dimension （t=17.716, P〈0.05）. The nurses of cancer hospitals were observed to show higher scores in emotional exhaustion dimension （t=8.044, P〈0.05） and negative burnout dimension （t=l 1.111, P〈0.05） than the norm, while lower scores in professional sense dimension （t=20.820, P〈0.05）. Conclusions Hospital managers should take efforts to control nurses＇ occupational stress and burnout-related factors so as to enhance their work initiative.