北京市西城区在职人群健康相关行为危险因素调查分析

Health-related behavior among in-service staff living in Xicheng District of Beijing

目的 探讨北京市西城区在职人群健康相关行为及影响因素,为在职人群健康管理提供科学依据.方法 2008年11月至2009年3月,采用多阶段分层整群随机抽样方法,对西城区15岁以上33 936名常住居民进行抽样调查.利用自行设计的调查表收集被调查人群个人基本情况,测量身高、体重、血压.本文对其中12 980名18～60岁在职人员进行分析,采用多元逐步Logistic回归分析方法探讨在职人群健康相关行为危险因素的影响因素.结果 共发放调查问卷36 761份,回收有效问卷33 936份,有效应答率92.3％.在职人群缺乏体育锻炼率、超重率、吸烟率、饮酒率、嗜盐率、肥胖率分别为62.2％（8 074/12 980）、31.6％（4 104/12 980）、25.0％（3 249/12 980）、23.5％（3 047/12 980）、17.9％（2 324/12 980）和8.7％（1125/12980）.多因素Logistic回归分析表明,缺乏体育锻炼的影响因素分别为：吸烟和嗜盐,男性、年龄和高学历是保护因素（P＜0.05）;超重和肥胖的影响因素分别为：男性、年龄、饮酒和嗜盐,高学历是保护因素（P＜0.05）;吸烟的影响因素分别为：男性、年龄、饮酒、缺乏体育锻炼和嗜盐,高学历是保护因素（P＜0.05）;饮酒的影响因素分别为：男性、年龄、超重和肥胖、吸烟和嗜盐（P＜0.05）;嗜盐的影响因素分别为：超重和肥胖、吸烟、饮酒和缺乏体育锻炼,高学历是保护因素（P＜0.05）.结论 应针对不同在职人群特点开展相应的健康教育和行为干预,积极探索在职人群健康管理的模式.

Objective To investigate health related behavior and its affecting factors among occupational populations living in Xicheng District of Beijing so as to provide good evidence for health management services. Methods A total of 33 936 permanent residents aged 15 years or above living in Xicheng District of Beijing were randomly selected with stratified multi-stage cluster random sampling method from November 2008 to March 2009, among whom 12 980 incumbency residents aged 18-60 years old were analyzed. A self-designed questionnaire was used, and height, body weight and blood pressure were measured. Multivariate non-conditional logistic regression was used for data analysis. Results The responding rate was 92.3% （33 936/36 761）. The rate of lacking physical exercise, overweight, current cigarette smoking, alcohol drinking, over-intake of salt and obesity was 62.2% （8 074/12 980）, 31.6% （4 104/ 12 980）, 25.0% （3 249/12 980）, 23.5%（3 047/12 980）,17.9% （2 324/12 980） and 8.7%（1 125/12 980）, respectively. In logistic regression, the risk factors of insufficient physical exercises were current cigarette smoking and over-intake of salt, while its protective factors were male, age and higher education level （all P〈 0.05）. The risk factors of overweight and obesity were male, age, alcohol consumption and over-intake of salt, while its protective factor was higher education level （P〈0.05）. The risk factors of current cigarette smoking were male, age, alcohol drinking, lack of physical exercises and over-intake of salt, while its protective factor was higher education level （P〈0.05）. The risk factors of alcohol consumption were male, age, overweight and obesity, current cigarette smoking and over-intake of salt （all P〈0.05）. The risk factors of over-intake of salt were overweight and obesity, current cigarette smoking, alcohol intake and lack of physical exercises, while its protective factor was higher education level （P〈0.05）. Conclusion Our investigation suggests that the occupational population should be offered with health education and behavioral intervention.