多双边贸易协定中的国际核心劳工标准分析

Study on International Core Labor Standards in Multi and Bilateral Trade Agreements

国际贸易与国际核心劳工标准两者之间的关系近年来日益紧密,但对于是否应在贸易协定中纳入国际核心劳工标准,发达国家和发展中国立场相差较大。由于各成员难以达成一致,劳工标准未能纳入WTO多哈回合谈判范畴,目前WTO法律框架中仅有一些零散的规定与劳工问题有关。相比多边贸易体制在纳入劳工核心标准上的犹豫,美欧在区域自由贸易协定中积极纳入劳工问题,并形成了"NAFTA模式"和"欧盟模式"。正在谈判的超大型自贸区TPP和TTIP中也将纳入劳工标准问题。中国应参照国际标准,结合发展水平和国内改革进展,逐步同意将劳工标准与贸易问题适度挂钩,并在自贸协定谈判中先行先试。

In recent years, the relationship between international trade and in- ternational core labor standards becomes much closer. However, developed coun- tries and developing countries hold much different positions on whether or not to incorporate international core labor standards into trade agreements. As consensus cannot be reached, labor standards issue has not been included within WTO Do- ha Round negotiations. So far, there are only few provisions pertaining to labor issues under WTO legal framework. In Comparison to the hesitation of including core labor standards by multilateral trading system, U.S. and EU are active to in- corporate labor issues into regional free trade agreements, which thereafter formed ＂NAFTA mode＂ and ＂EU mode＂. Furthermore, both U.S. and EU are now trying to add labor standards topics into the super large FTAs TPP and TTIP.