无锡市某私营铅蓄电池厂铅作业危害分析

Analysis on hazards of lead exposure in a private lead battery enterprise

目的监测与评价某私营铅蓄电池厂铅作业相关的职业病危害因素,为后续铅作业人员的个人防护和健康监护提供科学依据。方法采用现场调查方法了解该企业职业卫生管理现状,按GBZ 159-2004、GBZ/T 160.10—2004和GBZ 2.1-2007等对工作场所中铅烟、铅尘进行检测和分析并结合职业健康检查分析影响工作人员血铅浓度的潜在因素。结果该企业存在铅烟、铅尘等职业病危害因素;铅烟、铅尘超标率为92.1%,铅作业人员血铅浓度增高比例为77.5%;铅作业人员血铅浓度与工龄、学历、下班前是否沐浴以及铅作业相关卫生知识知晓率有关(均P<0.05)。结论该私营企业存在明显的铅作业危害,应改善工作环境,加强作业人员健康宣教及健康防护。

[ Objective ] To monitor and analyze the occupational hazard factors related to lead exposure in a private lead battery en- terprise, provide a scientific basis for personal protection and health surveillance among lead-exposed workers in the future. [ Methods ] The field occupational investigation was used to know the current situation of occupational health management in this en- terprise. The contents of lead fume and lead dust in workplace were detected according to GBZ 159-2004, GBZ/T 160.10-2004 and GBZ 2.1-2007. In combination with occupational health examination, the influencing factors of blood lead concentration among workers were analyzed. [ Results] The lead fume and lead dust were found in this enterprise, and the over standard rate of lead fume and lead dust was 92.1%. The lead-exposed workers with higher blood lead concentration accounted for 77.5%. The blood lead concentration was related to length of service, educational level, bathing before off-duty, and the awareness rate of knowledge about lead exposure （ all P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] There are obvious hazards of lead exposure in this private enterprise. It is necessary to improve the working environment, and strengthen the health education and occupational protection among lead-exposed workers.