医护人员与实习生对职业防护认知状况的比较

Comparative analysis of the cognitive status of occupational safety among health care workers and interns

目的了解湖北省十堰市医护人员和实习生对职业防护知识的掌握情况及防护意识,为今后开展职业防护教育提供依据。方法对该市3所医疗机构中的178名医护人员和138名实习医学生采用自行设计的问卷进行调查,对问卷结果进行统计学分析,根据问卷结果提出应对措施。结果医护人员对职业危害的认知和担忧程度明显高于实习生(P<0.05)。医护人员认为最可能对自身造成伤害的是心理因素危害(89.33%)、X线辐射(87.64%)和生理因素危害(76.97%);50%的实习生担忧X线辐射对自己产生伤害,预防针刺伤的方法和对用过的注射器针头的处理方法两项护士的认知情况优于医生(P<0.05),其他核心内容认知状况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。除知晓针刺伤可能感染血液传播性疾病一项医护人员与实习生认知情况差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其他内容医护人员认知情况均明显优于实习生(P<0.05)。结论医护人员对职业防护的认知度高,心理因素是医务人员所面临的最大危害,应对其加强心理疏导与教育;实习生对职业防护认知度差,对职业危害相关防护知识认识不足,应加强对实习生的职业防护健康教育,这对实习生在实习期间更好地自我保护与工作学习意义重大。

[ Objective ] ] To understand the occupational safety knowledge and protection awareness of health care workers and in- terns of Shiyan City of Hubei Province, and provide evidence for the future development of vocational safety education. [ Methods ] Self-designed questionnaire was adopted to investigate 178 health care workers and 138 medical students from 3 medical institutions, the questionnaire results were statistically analyzed, then countermeasures were proposed according to the results of the question- naire. [ Results] The healthcare awareness and concerns of occupational hazards in health care workers was significantly higher than that of interns （ P 〈 O. 05 ）. Medical staff considered that the factors that most likely to cause psychological harm were psychological factors hazard （89.33% } , X-ray radiation （87.64%） and physiological factors hazard （76.97%） , and 50% interns concerned X-ray radiation would do harm to themselves. The awareness rates of pricking wound protection method and the treatment of used syringe needles of nurse were better than doctors （ P 〈 O. 05 ） ~ while other core content of cognitive status were not statistically signifi- cant （P 〉 0.05）. Comparison between healthcare workers and interns revealed that in addition to know needle stick injuries may cause infection with blood-borne diseases, which had no difference between them （ P 〉 0.05 ） , medical staff was superior to interns on all other cognitions （P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] Medical workers owe high occupational protection awareness, and psychological factor is the greatest harm facing them, indicating that they need to be psychologically counseled and educated. Interns had poor awareness on occupational protection, and lacking the occupational hazards related knowledge, so it is necessary to strengthen the health education of occupational protection for interns, which means a lot to the intern during their internship to better protect them- selves and work.