铁路旅客结核病防治知识健康教育宣传活动效果分析

Analysis on effect of health education about tuberculosis prevention and control among railway passengers

目的了解利用铁路站车健康教育宣传活动进行结核病防治知识宣传的效果，为实现《全国结核病防治规划（2011_2015）》提出的全民知晓率达85％的目标服务。方法采用自填问卷的方式选择进入铁路车站乘车的旅客，按旅客聚集场所分为列车和候车室开展调查。结果共调查旅客160人，男性113人，女性47人；年龄以20—39岁为主，占调查人数的69．3％。其中专业技术人员占调查人数的24．4％，工人、运输业占15．0％，无业人员占15．0％，商业服务占12．5％，农林业和学生各占11．3％。居住地为农村／乡镇的占35．0％，中小城市占24．4％，县城占23．8％，大城市16．8％。结核病防治5条核心知识总知晓率为76．4％，比2010年全国第5次结核病流行病学抽样调查的57％提高了19％（X^2=121．75，P〈0．01）。单条信息知晓率：对结核病症状的知晓率为84．3％，对能够治愈的知晓率为83．1％，结核病经呼吸道传播为73．1％，国家有免费政策知晓率为73．1％，各条知识知晓率之间差异有统计学意义（X^2=20．5，P〈0．01）。怀疑自己得了结核病68．1％的旅客选择到结核病防治所／疾控中心就诊。在宣传活动中中有81．9％旅客听到广播播放的结核防治知识，72．5％的旅客看到了侯车室的宣传视频。47．5％的旅客看到并进行了阅读。结论利用铁路旅客旅行期间在候车、乘车时需要关注广播和视频节目的有利时机，因地制宜地开展结核病知识健康教育活动成效显著，应纳人结核病防治策略实施。

[ Objective] To understand the effect of healih education about tuberculosis （TB） prevention and control in railway sta- tion, provide the service for achieving the target of awareness rate of 85% presented by the National TB control program （2011-2015）. [ Methods] A self-administered questionnaire survey was performed in the passengers of railway station, and the in- vestigation was carried out according to the gathering place of train and waiting room. [ Results] A total of 160 passengers were in- vestigated, including 113 men and 47 women. 69.3% of clients were people aged 20-39 years old. The professionals accounted for 24. 4%, workers and transport related employees accounted for 15.0%, unemployed people accounted for 15.0% ~ business serv- ice employees accounted for 12.5%, people engaged in agriculture and forestry accounted for 11.3%, and students accounted for 11.3%. The people living in countryside/village and township accounted for 35.0% , small and medium-sized cities accounted for 24.4%, the counties accounted for 23.8%, and big cities accounted for 16.8%. The total awareness rate of 5 core knowledge a- bout TB prevention and control was 76.4%, which increased by 19% as compared with 57% of the Fifth national epidemiologieal sampling survey of tuberculosis in 2010 （ X^2 = 121.75, P 〈 0. O1 ）. The awareness rate of single information, which included TB symptoms, TB can be cured, TB transmission route is respiratory tract, and policy of free treatment, was respectively 84.3%, 83.1% , 73.1% and 73.1% , and there was a significant difference （ X^2 =20.5 ,P 〈0.005 ）. 68.1% of people who suspect them- selves have TB chose to visit the hospital or CDC. In the publicity activities, 81.9% of passengers have heard radio broadcast of TB prevention and control knowledge, 72.5% have seen the publicity video in waiting room, and 47.5% have noticed the publicity materials and read it. [ Conclusion ] During the favorable time that railway passengers focus on the radio and video in travel and waiting, the health education about TB knowledge has the remarkable results, which should be brought into in the TB prevention and control strategies.