2004—2012年沈阳市和平区细菌性痢疾流行特征分析

Analysis on epidemic characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Heping District of Shenyang City from 2004-2012

目的掌握沈阳市和平区细菌性痢疾发病强度和流行特征,为制定防治规划和评价实施效果提供准确依据。方法利用描述流行病学方法分析该区细菌性痢疾疫情资料。结果 2004—2012年细菌性痢疾年均发病率为71.63/10万,年均报告死亡率为0.05/10万,各年度报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);男性年均报告发病率为81.85/10万,女性年均报告发病率为61.45/10万,各年度男性报告发病数和报告发病率差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),各年度男性报告发病数和报告发病率均高于女性,男女发病数之比为1.33∶1;学生、散居儿童、家务及待业报告发病数分别占全部报告发病数的21.13%、20.55%、16.12%;3岁以下年龄组占19.11%,其中0岁组报告发病数占全部报告发病数的9.08%;7和8月报告发病数占全年报告发病数的45.01%。结论该区细菌性痢疾呈婴幼儿发病年龄高峰,职业高峰明显,呈明显的夏季发病高峰。应加强卫生宣传和健康教育工作;提高防范意识和水平;强化食品安全和饮水卫生监管工作,做好环境卫生整治;提高诊断水平,强化疫情报告观念;做好应急处理,防止疫情扩散。

[ Objective] To understand the epidemic intensity and characteristics of bacillary dysentery in Heping District of Sheny- ang City, provide the precise basis for making a control program and evaluating its implementation effect. [ Methods] The epidemic data of bacillary dysentery in Heping District were analyzed with the descriptive epidemiological methods. [ Results] The average an- num incidence rate of bacillary dysentery from 2004-2012 was 71.63/lakh, the average annual mortality rate was 0.05/lakh, and there was significant difference in the annual incidence rate （ P 〈 0.01 ）. The average annual incidence rate in males and females was 81.85/1akh and 61.45/lakh respectively. There were significant differences in case number and incidence rate of males among different years （P 〈 0.01 ）. The case number and incidence rate in males were higher than those in females, and the male-to-fe- male ratio in case number was 1.33： 1. The cases of students, children, and people waiting for employment or housework people re- spectively accounted for 21.13% , 20.55% and 16.12% of total cases. 19.11% of patients were children under 3 years old, and case in 12 month-old age group accounted for 9.08% of f total cases. 45.01% of cases were reported in July and August. [ Conclusion ] The incidence rate of bacillary dysentery among infants is the highest in Heping District, there is an obvious charac- teristic in occupation distribution, and the peak season is in summer. It is necessary to strengthen the health promotion and health education, improve the prevention awareness, strengthen the food safety and sanitation supervision of drinking water, complete the environmental health regulation, enhance the diagnosis level and concept for epidemic situation report, and carry out emergency re- sponse to prevent the spread of disease.