南京大学文科研究生心理压力分析

Analysis of psychological pressure among liberal arts postgraduate students in Nanjing University

目的了解文科研究生心理压力的源头和类型,分析其压力现状。方法编制针对研究生心理压力的调查问卷,共涉及南京大学6个专业的744名文科研究生,对获得的相关数据进行处理和分析判断。结果①全问卷的内部一致性系数为0.887,分半信度为0.823。②研究生心理压力类型划分为环境压力、人际交往压力、就业压力、自身压力、学习压力等5个维度。③专业、性别、城乡、是否独生等因素对研究生压力总分的影响:专业因素(F=0.841,P=0.519),性别因素(F=3.912,P=0.040),城乡因素(F=0.268,P=0.611),是否独生因素(F=0.046,P=0.831)。④压力源的性别差异:研究生学业压力(F=1.523,P<0.05),环境适应压力(F=0.922,P<0.05),就业感知压力(F=2.277,P<0.01),自身压力(F=0.072,P>0.05)、人际交往压力(F=0.426,P>0.05)。结论研究生心理压力在是否为独生子女、籍贯、专业等方面的差异不显著。文科研究生面临的主要压力来自于人际交往压力和就业,而且压力的性别差异明显,女生压力高于男生。

[ Objective ] To understand the source and type of psychological pressure on liberal arts postgraduate students, analyze the status of pressure. [ Methods ] The questionnaire of psychological pressure for postgraduate students was designed, involved 744 liberal arts postgraduate students of 6 majors in Nanjing University, and the acquired data was processed and analyzed. [ Results] ①Intemal consistency coefficient of the questionnaire was 0. 887, the split-half reliability was 0. 823. ②Five dimensions of post- graduates＇psychological stress type were divided into environmental pressure, interpersonal pressure, employment pressure, pres- sure and academic pressure. ③Effects of specialty, gender, urban and rural, whether or not the only child and other factors on the stress of postgraduate students score ： specialty factors （ F = 0. 841, P = 0. 519 ）, gender factors （ F = 3. 912 ,P = 0. 040 ） , urban and rural factors （ F = 0.268, P = 0.611 ）, whether or not the only child factors （ F = 0. 046, P = 0.831 ）. ④Gender differences in pressure source ： postgraduate students ＇ academic pressure （ F = 1. 523, P 〈 0. 05 ）, adapting to the environment pressure （ F = 0. 922, P 〈 0.05 ）, employment pressure （ F = 2.277, P 〈 0.01 ）, pressure （ F = 0. 072, P 〈 0.05 }, interpersonal pressure （ F =0.426, P 〈 0.05 ）. [ Conclusion] The differences of graduate students＇ psychological pressure in whether or not the only child, native place, specialty were not statistically significant. The pressure postgraduate students faced is mainly from interpersonal interaction and employment, and the difference of pressure in gender was significant, pressure of girls was higher than boys.