钢铁工业职业病危害与分级预防

Analysis on occupational hazards in steel manufacture and its classified prevention

钢铁工业属于国民经济基础产业,其生产工艺环节多,技术复杂,且能耗高,污染重,劳动力密集。目前中国的钢铁工业形成了劳动者数量多、产能大、能耗高、环境容量小、效益微弱的局面。在钢铁工业的生产过程中,产生或存在大量的职业病危害,比如粉尘、高温、噪声、一氧化碳等。钢铁工业职业病危害因素种类多、强(浓)度高、接触职业病危害因素人数多、危害后果重。要预防控制职业病危害,就需要进行从生产工艺革新到个体防护全程的分级预防控制工作。作者主要就现代钢铁工业职业病危害因素以及如何做好钢铁企业劳动保护和职业病危害预防工作进行综述。

The steel manufacture is the basic industry of national economy, and it has the features of complex production process and technology, high energy consumption, serious pollution, and the labour-intensive. At present, the steel manufacture in China faces the situation of high productivity, high energy consumption, low environmental capacity and low economic benefit, and many enter- prises have large numbers of employees. In the productive process of steel manufacture, there are a variety of occupational hazards, such as dust, high temperature, noise and carbon monoxide. The various types of occupational hazards have been observed in steel manufacture, which the intensity/concentration is high, a large number of employees have been exposed to occupational hazard fac- tors, and the harm is serious. In order to prevent the occupational hazards, it is necessary to carry out the classified prevention and control during the whole course from technological innovation to the individual protection. The paper reviews the occupational hazard factors of modern steel manufacture, the labour protection, and the occupational hazard prevention.