正义感与成员利益:罗尔斯良序社会理论之考查

The Sense of Justice and the Interests of Members:The Investigation of Rawls' Theory of Well-ordered Society

良序社会是罗尔斯为了探讨正义原则而预设的社会。它不是具体的社会形态,不对应于任何现实社会,但它是罗尔斯阐述正义原则进而展开相关论题的思想预设,是其正义理论的适用对象。正义原则和良序社会具有一致性关系。社会成员拥有有效的正义感和社会以追求成员利益为目标是良序社会的两个本质特征。假如人们撇开良序社会预设,那么,罗尔斯原初状态和无知之幕假定便无法向现实实体转换,罗尔斯有关正义原则和社会基本制度结构的论证无法落实到社会现实。借助良序社会概念,罗尔斯设计了一个公平正义、理性合理、自由平等的美好社会蓝图。良序社会理论赋予了近代以来的自由、平等和民主政治以新内容,是罗尔斯政治哲学的重要组成部分。

John Rawls designs a well-ordered society to explore the principles of justice. It is not a concrete social form,and it doesn't correspond to any realistic society today,but it is an available object that theprinciples of justice apple to. Those justice principles are congruent with the well-ordered society. Such a society approaches to the interests of members,and its members have efficient senses of justice,these two characteristics are essential to the well-ordered society. Without the conception of well-ordered society,Rawls' ideas of original position and veil of ignorance cannot be turned into reality. With this conception,John Rawls constructs a beautiful society,which has such virtues as justice,fairness,rationality,liberty and equality. The theory of well-ordered society,which endows new contents for liberty,equality and democratic politics since modern times,is an important part of John Rawls' political philosophy.