城镇居民就业性别差异的分解及区域比较

Employment Gender Gap of Urban Residents in China and its Regional Comparison

本文基于二元离散选择模型分解方法,对城镇居民就业的性别差异进行了分析。结果表明:城镇居民男性和女性就业差异大部分是由可观测特征差异无法解释的,城镇劳动力市场上存着明显的就业性别歧视;东中西三个区域内部就业的性别差异有明显不同,但就业的性别歧视程度却无明显差异,就业歧视程度与经济发展水平无显著联系。本文的研究结果表明政府在设计和实施消除歧视的公共政策时,除要关注工资收入的性别歧视外,更应该关注就业机会的性别歧视。

We analyze the employment gender gap with the decomposition technique to binary outcome model. The results show： the male has higher employment proportion than the female and most of the employment gap cannot be explained by the differentials of observed individual characteristics, so there is significant employment gender discrimination in the urban labor market. When we turn to the employment discrimination in different regions, we find there is no relationship between the economic condition and the discrimination. Therefore, the design and implementation of eliminating gender discrimination should not only focus on the wages but also the employment opportunity.