从海河流域研究案例浅议珠江流域水环境管理(英文)

Discussion on water environment management of Pearl River Basin from the research case of Haihe River Basin

珠江流域和海河流域是我国大河流域中水资源量相对丰富和相对短缺的典型代表,这两大流域自然地理存在着明显差异,经济发展情况不尽相同,各自的水资源量存在较大差别,但水环境污染问题却有诸多相似之处。总结了海河流域前期研究:1)水环境复合污染特征及其变化规律研究基础,特别是各种持久性难降解有机污染物(POPs),重金属污染及新型污染物的分布规律及污染程度,提出流域尺度、强人为干扰条件下复合污染综合效应的量化评价方法。2)基于流域水环境特征,提出耦合水质、水量和水生态的流域水环境风险评价的概念,建立了适用于流域尺度的综合风险评价模型和子流域尺度的相对风险评价模型(RRM),在终点的选取中,同时考虑生态终点和人体健康终点,尝试通过RRM进行生态风险和健康风险的整合。3)基于流域水环境特征,提出了流域尺度的健康评价方法,建立水质-水量-水生态-社会服务综合指标体系。最后,分析了当前珠江流域水环境问题,提出应加强水环境风险研究,尤其是复合污染潜在生态风险。此外,还应加强区域合作,鼓励公众参与保护水环境。

Pearl River Basin and Haihe River Basin are the typical representative of the rich and short water resources quantity in the River Basin of China. There are many similarities on the water environment problems, although there are obvious differences between the Pearl River Basin and the Haihe River Basin in natural and geographical conditions, economical development as well as water resources problems. In this study, the present situation and key issues of the Pearl River water environment were analyzed and some recommendations were put forward based on the research progress of Haihe River Basin. Concept of ecological risk assessment for estuary water environment which coupling the water quality, water quantity and aquatic ecosystems was proposed based on the summary of risk assessment theories and methods at home and abroad, also based on the research progress of risk assessment for water environment. Based on the relationship of sources, stressor, habitat and endpoint in the region, the response network model was proposed for assessing ecological risk of estuary water environment. Based on the results of ecological risk of single and regional risk, combined with the characteristics of the study area, ecological security threshold and corresponding ecosystem status were proposed. Finally, the water problem of the current environment in the Pearl River Basin was analyzed. Research on water environmental risk should be strengthened, especially in potential ecological risks of complex pollution. Furthermore, regional cooperation and public participation in the protection of the water environment should be strengthened and encouraged.