知耻辨“丑”“恶”——《庄子》中“丑”与“恶”的辨析

Identifying “Ugliness” and “Evilness” With the Knowledge of “Shame” ——The “Ugliness” and “Evilness” in “Zhuangzi”

庄子将"丑"分为"形式丑"和"内容丑",前者是一种非恶之丑,后者则是包含着"恶"因素在内的恶之丑。这一区分体现出庄子作为先秦思想家感性心理的成熟和无惧于命运变幻莫测的勇气,也为人类剥离"丑"与"恶"这一思想难题提供了宝贵经验。伴随着庄子区分"丑"与"恶"的成熟心理机制的是一颗趋善向美、审丑去恶的知耻之心,只有知耻方能严肃的审视丑而鞭挞恶,才会更好的审丑而非嗜丑,才不会以丑为美,以恶为美。

Zhuangzi＇ s idea of ＂ugliness＂ includes ＂form＂ and ＂content＂ ugliness, where the former is not evil but the latter contains ＂evil ingredient＂. This division shows Zhuangzi＇ s mature perception and courage for unpredictable fate,which also provide a precious experience for people to know ＂ugliness＂ and ＂evilness＂. Zhuangzi＇ s mature mental mechanism is a heart knowing shame. Only those knowing what shame is can identify ugliness and scorn evilness and will not misplace ugliness as beauty.