真菌参与石油类疏水化合物从非水相向水相的传质

Mass transfer process of petroleum hydrophobic organic compounds from nonaqueous phase into aqueous phase with fungi participation

石油类非水相疏水化合物(hydrophobic organic compounds,HOCs)因较高的生物毒性和低生物可利用性而沉积于自然环境中,真菌细胞通过菌丝生长形成疏水性菌丝体网络并产生低特异性代谢酶,从而将此类物质作为生长基质利用,并进一步影响此类物质从非水相到水相传质的过程.本文首先总结了利用石油类HOCs真菌的种属及其独特的生活方式,然后对这类真菌参与石油类HOCs从非水相体系向水相传质的过程及相关影响因子,以及与传质过程相关的生物刺激和金属毒性效应等方面的研究进展做了进一步的总结,最后综合分析了真菌参与石油类HOCs从非水相向水相传质过程的意义.

Due to the high toxicity and low bioavailability, petroleum hydrophobic organic compounds （HOCs） have been found to be deposited in the natural environments and to present danger to human beings. A number of factors may affect the mass transfer of HOCs from nonaqueous phase liquids （NAPLs） into aqueous phase, thus affect their bioavailability and toxicity in aqueous phase. This article reviewed the influence of the fungal species with ability to degrade petroleum HOCs and their physiological activities on the mass transfer of HOCs from NAPLs into aqueous phase, including the influence of fungi on the process of HOCs mass transfer, the metal toxicity changes and the biological effect resulting from mass transferring. This review firstly focused on the effect of fungi participation on the dynamics of mass transfer of the petroleum HOCs to aqueous phase, subsequently analyzed its influence on the metal toxicity and biological effects. Compared to bacteria, fungi can use a variety of petroleum HOCs due to their hydrophobic mycelium networks, specific physiological biochemical and ecological advantages. In addition, fungi possess ecological capacity, dominating the living biomass in soil and being abundant in aqueous systems. These facts suggest that fungus may affect the mass transfer of petroleum HOCs to aqueous phase through its physiological activities. But biological factors affecting on this mass transfer and its mechanism of action are unknown. Fungi possess high ecological capacity participating in the bioremediation process of the polluted organic chemicals. Furthermore, the abilities of these fungi to form extended mycelial networks, the low specificity of their catabolic enzymes and their independence from using pollutants as growth substrate may make them better suited for bioremediation processes especially in the complicated pollution environments and which may affect the mass transfer of petroleum HOCs to aqueous phase. These studies will be important for human beings to understand the effect of biological factors on the bioavailability and biological toxicity of petroleum HOCs and heavy metal pollution in ocean water. They also will be of great significance for us to understand the major environmental problems such as oil spills, and to further address the conversion rule of non-biomass HOCs to biomass in nature.