农田景观虫害控制植被缓冲带布局、模式和功能

Layout,Type and Function of Farmland Vegetable Buffer with Insect Pests Control in Agricultural Landscape

农田植被缓冲带因其生物多样性保护、病虫害控制、水土保持等诸多功能,在欧美等国家被广泛的运用到农田景观建设中。笔者以北京市顺义区去碑营村的农田为例进行了作物虫害控制植被缓冲带的研究。基于原有的沟路边坡和田埂现状,在总体布局上,从景观连通性着眼,提出了3级缓冲带体系,连接农田景观中的半自然生境斑块,并形成廊道网络系统。每条缓冲带考虑现有的立地条件,注重利用和保护乡土植被,同时提升植物多样性,选择具有吸引天敌昆虫的植被组合,共提出了21条侧重不同功能、理念、立地条件和特有植物组合的缓冲带植被组合模式,并着重介绍了这些植物吸引的天敌和防治的害虫。从缓冲带类型和植物的多样性上,丰富天敌昆虫的栖息环境和食物资源,同时强调了种植和后期的低强度干扰管理。研究为农田的病虫害控制和农田景观沟路边坡和田埂的建设提供了新的思路。

Farmland vegetable buffer benefited biodiversity conservation,biological control and soil conservation.Therefore,it was popular in Europe and America.We designed a set of vegetable buffer to control insect pests of cropland in Qubeiying Village,Shunyi,Beijing,based on the distribution of current road,ditch,side slope and ridge in the farmland.The set of buffer included three levels.The first level,main buffer,connected the semi-nature habitat in the landscape.The second level,vice-buffer,constructed a network of corridors.And the third level,inferior buffer,varied these buffer types and plants.Each of 21 vegetable buffers considered the current site condition,focused on indigenous plant,and chose the plant which attracted predators.The diverse buffer types and plants could provide diverse habitat and food to different insects or birds.Low or no disturbance management was important.The farmland vegetable buffer would be a good choose for pests control and field boundary construction.