天水地区蜂群室内与室外越冬效果对比

Effect Comparison Between Colonies Indoor and Outdoor Overwintering in Tianshui,Southern Gansu

为了促进蜜蜂规模化养殖,探明区域蜜蜂安全越冬有效方法和最佳效果,提升这一地区养蜂综合效益,对蜜蜂室内与室外越冬效果进行了3年对比试验。结果表明,室内越冬蜂平均死亡率为8.30%,室外越蜂冬平均死亡率为14.63%。室内越冬平均饲料消耗量为3.59 kg,室外越冬平均饲料消耗量为4.77 kg,室内越冬蜂的死亡率和饲料消耗量都显著低于室外越冬蜂群。室内、室外越冬的蜂群春繁都能正常进行,且室内越冬蜂群发展较好;室内外越冬温湿度记录情况看,室内温度变化不大,蜂群安静,而室外温度变化较大,蜂群不稳定。本研究说明在天水地区蜂群采用室内越冬效果优于室外越冬,室内越冬是西北越冬期漫长地区较好的越冬方法。

To explore an effective wintering way for local apiaries which could prompt large scale bee industry and the comprehensive benefits, a comparison between the indoor and outdoor wintering effect were carried out during the past three years in Tianshui District, Gangsu Province. The results showed that the mean mortality and consumed bee feed for indoor bees were lower than those for outdoor bees in Tianshui District. A mean mortality of 8.30% of indoor overwintering colonies was significantly lower than that of 14.63% of outdoor colonies. The mean consumed bee feed for indoor colonies was 3.59 kg which was lower than that of 4.77 kg for outdoor ones. The result also showed both the indoor and outdoor colonies behaved normal spring propagation but the former hives increased colonies size faster than the latter ones. The recorded temperature data showed indoor hive temperature changed softly while the outdoor ones fluctuated with a wide range so that the outdoor colonies experienced repeated clustering and loosing which accounted for shorter lifespan for wintering bees. The effects of indoor wintering colonies were better than those of outdoor ones, which implied that indoor overwintering was preferred for colonies in northwest China during the long term winter.